An Observational Study of Nurse Staffing Ratios and Hospital Readmission among Children Admitted for Common Conditions

Background: Hospital patient-to-nurse staffing ratios are associated with quality outcomes in adult patient populations but little is known about how these factors affect paediatric care. We examined the relationship between staffing ratios and all-cause readmission (within 14 days, 15–30 days) among children admitted for common medical and surgical conditions. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of readmissions of children in 225 hospitals by linking nurse surveys, inpatient discharge data and information from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey. Registered Nurses (N=14 194) providing direct patient care in study hospitals (N=225) and children hospitalised for common conditions (N=90 459) were included. Results: Each one patient increase in a hospital\u27s average paediatric staffing ratio increased a medical child\u27s odds of readmission within 15–30 days by a factor of 1.11, or by 11% (95% CI 1.02 to 1.20) and a surgical child\u27s likelihood of readmission within 15–30 days by a factor of 1.48, or by 48% (95% CI 1.27 to 1.73). Children treated in hospitals with paediatric staffing ratios of 1 : 4 or less were significantly less likely to be readmitted within 15–30 days. There were no significant effects of nurse staffing ratios on readmissions within 14 days. Discussion: Children with common conditions treated in hospitals in which nurses care for fewer patients each are significantly less likely to experience readmission between 15 and 30 days after discharge. Lower patient-to-nurse ratios hold promise for preventing unnecessary hospital readmissions for children through more effective predischarge monitoring of patient conditions, improved discharge preparation and enhanced quality improvement success

Nurses\u27 and Patients\u27 Appraisals Show Patient Safety in Hospitals Remains a Concern

In the report To Err is Human (1999), the National Academy of Medicine called for national action to improve patient safety in hospitals. The report concluded that improving nurse work environments—assuring adequate nurse staffing and supporting nurses’ ability to care for patients—was critical to these efforts. Two decades later, have nurse work environments improved, and has that had a noticeable impact on patient safety? To find out, a research team led by LDI Senior Fellow Linda Aiken, PhD, RN surveyed more than 800,000 patients and 53,000 nurses in 535 hospitals in 2005, and again in 2016

Nursing practice environment in intensive care units

Objetivo Analisar o ambiente da prática de enfermagem em unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 209 profissionais de enfermagem de três hospitais de ensino brasileiros. O ambiente da prática de enfermagem foi avaliado através da Practice Environment Scale. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, assumindo nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). O coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach foi utilizado para examinar a consistência interna dos construtos. Resultados Os profissionais de enfermagem consideraram desfavoráveis quatro das cinco dimensões do ambiente da prática profissional: participação dos enfermeiros na discussão dos assuntos hospitalares; fundamentos de enfermagem voltados para a qualidade do cuidado, habilidade, liderança e suporte dos coordenadores/supervisores de enfermagem aos enfermeiros/equipe de enfermagem; e adequação da equipe e de recursos. Apenas a dimensão relações colegiais entre profissionais de enfermagem e médicos apresentou avaliação positiva. Enfermeiros reconheceram mais fortemente atributos desfavoráveis no ambiente de prática do que técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão O ambiente mostrou-se desfavorável para a prática dos profissionais de enfermagem. Esforços são necessários para tornar o ambiente de prática mais atrativo aos profissionais de enfermagem, e assim estimular melhorias na qualidade e na segurança da assistência prestada.Objective To analyze the nursing practice environment in intensive care units. Methods This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 209 nursing professionals of three Brazilian teaching hospitals. The nursing work environment was evaluated using the Practice Environment Scale. Data were analyzed descriptively, assuming a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency of the constructs. Results Nurse professionals considered unfavorable four of the five professional practice environment dimensions: nurse participation in hospital affairs, nursing foundation for quality of care, nurse manager ability, leadership and support of nurses and staffing and resources adequacy. Only the dimension of collegial nurse-physician relations presented a positive evaluation. Unfavorable characteristics of the working environment were recognized more strongly by nurses in comparison to nursing technicians. Conclusion The environment proved to be unfavorable for the practice of nursing professionals. Efforts are necessary to make the work environment more attractive to them, thus stimulating improvements in the quality and safety of care delivered to patients.Objetivo Analizar el ambiente de la práctica de enfermería en unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 209 profesionales de enfermería de tres hospitales de enseñanza brasileños. El ambiente de la práctica de enfermería fue evaluado utilizándose la Practice Environment Scale. Datos analizados descriptivamente, asumiéndose nivel de significatividad de 5% (p<0,05). Se utilizó coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach para examinar la consistencia interna de los constructos. Resultados Los profesionales de enfermería consideran desfavorables cuatro de las cinco dimensiones del ambiente de la práctica profesional: participación de enfermeros en discusión de asuntos hospitalarios; fundamentos de enfermería orientados a calidad del cuidado; habilidad, liderazgo y soporte de coordinadores/supervisores de enfermería a los enfermeros/equipo de enfermería; y adecuación del equipo y de recursos. Solamente la dimensión relaciones entre profesionales de enfermería y médicos mostró evaluación positiva. Los enfermeros reconocieron más sólidamente atributos desfavorables en el ambiente de práctica que los auxiliares de enfermería. Conclusión El ambiente se mostró desfavorable para la práctica de los profesionales de enfermería. Son necesarios esfuerzos para que el ambiente de práctica sea más atractivo para los profesionales de enfermería, estimulando así mejoras en calidad y seguridad de la atención brindada

Methodological considerations when translating "burnout"

No study has systematically examined how researchers address cross-cultural adaptation of burnout. We conducted an integrative review to examine how researchers had adapted the instruments to the different contexts. We reviewed the Content Validity Indexing scores for the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey from the 12-country comparative nursing workforce study, RN4CAST. In the integrative review, multiple issues related to translation were found in existing studies. In the cross-cultural instrument analysis, 7 out of 22 items on the instrument received an extremely low kappa score. Investigators may need to employ more rigorous cross-cultural adaptation methods when attempting to measure burnout

Language equivalence of the modified falls efficacy scale (MFES) among English- and Spanish-speaking older adults: Rasch analysis

Background To investigate item-level measurement properties of the Modified Falls Efficacy (MFES) Scale among English- and Spanish-speaking urban-dwelling older adults as a means to evaluate language equivalence of the tool. Methods Secondary analysis of survey data from 170 English (n = 83) and Spanish (n = 87) speaking older adults who reported to the emergency department of a quaternary medical center in New York City between February 2010 and August 2011. The Rasch rating scale model was used to investigate item statistics and ordering of items, item and person reliability, and model performance of the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale. Results The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, for English- and Spanish-speakers, demonstrated acceptable fit to the Rasch model of a unidimensional measure. While the range of the construct is more limited for the Spanish group, the interval between tasks are much closer, reflecting little to no construct under-representation. Conclusion There is rationale for continued testing of a unidemsional English- and Spanish-MFES among urban community-dwelling older adults. Large-scale international studies linking the unidemsional MFES to patient outcomes will support the validity of this tool for research and practice

Nurses' Working Conditions: Implications for Infectious Disease1

Poor working conditions are associated with risk for occupational infections

Improving collection and use of interprofessional health workforce data: Progress and peril.

BackgroundPolicymakers and other stakeholders need robust data to understand how health care system changes affect the health care workforce and the care it provides, evaluate the effectiveness of health care finance and delivery innovations, and build an adequate supply of nurses and other health professionals to care for an aging and diverse population of patients. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that called for the creation of an infrastructure to collect and analyze interprofessional health workforce data and issued specific recommendations to reach that overarching goal.PurposeThis paper examines progress toward each of the main data-related recommendations of the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Future of Nursing, and identifies strategies that can achieve further gains in health workforce data collection.MethodsMultiple documents and websites were reviewed to identify the extent to which each of the Institute of Medicine's recommendations have been implemented.DiscussionThere has been little progress toward the Institute of Medicine recommendations regarding data collection, with a few exceptions related to improvements in national data on ambulatory care. This can largely be attributed to a lack of funding.ConclusionAlthough there are active and strong collaborative relationships across many key stakeholders, there have not been sufficient resources dedicated to ensuring that new programs advance. More leadership, advocacy, and resources will be needed to build the robust data infrastructure called for by the Institute of Medicine

Improving collection and use of interprofessional health workforce data: Progress and peril.

BackgroundPolicymakers and other stakeholders need robust data to understand how health care system changes affect the health care workforce and the care it provides, evaluate the effectiveness of health care finance and delivery innovations, and build an adequate supply of nurses and other health professionals to care for an aging and diverse population of patients. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine released a report that called for the creation of an infrastructure to collect and analyze interprofessional health workforce data and issued specific recommendations to reach that overarching goal.PurposeThis paper examines progress toward each of the main data-related recommendations of the Institute of Medicine Committee on the Future of Nursing, and identifies strategies that can achieve further gains in health workforce data collection.MethodsMultiple documents and websites were reviewed to identify the extent to which each of the Institute of Medicine's recommendations have been implemented.DiscussionThere has been little progress toward the Institute of Medicine recommendations regarding data collection, with a few exceptions related to improvements in national data on ambulatory care. This can largely be attributed to a lack of funding.ConclusionAlthough there are active and strong collaborative relationships across many key stakeholders, there have not been sufficient resources dedicated to ensuring that new programs advance. More leadership, advocacy, and resources will be needed to build the robust data infrastructure called for by the Institute of Medicine